分布式服务生成唯一不重复ID（24位字符串）

参照mongoDB的ID生成策略，生成唯一ID。

一共12个字节（示例：5cecf0a8a7573ea439fa1a89）

前4个字节表示时间戳
再往后数3个字节表示运行当前程序的机器ID
再往后2个字节表示生成此id的进程的ID
最后3个字节表示由一个随机数开始的计数器生成的值

然后转为16进制的字符串。

源码如下：

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
import java.nio.BufferUnderflowException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

/**
 * @author 李锋镝
 * @date Create at 20:26 2018/12/21
 */
@Slf4j
public final class GeneratorId implements Comparable<GeneratorId>, Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 440848443996694196L;

    private static final int LOW_ORDER_THREE_BYTES = 0x00ffffff;

    private static final int MACHINE_IDENTIFIER;
    private static final short PROCESS_IDENTIFIER;
    private static final AtomicInteger NEXT_COUNTER = new AtomicInteger(new SecureRandom().nextInt());

    private static final char[] HEX_CHARS = new char[] {
            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
            '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };

    private final int timestamp;
    private final int machineIdentifier;
    private final short processIdentifier;
    private final int counter;

    public static GeneratorId get() {
        return new GeneratorId();
    }


    public static boolean isValid(final String hexString) {
        if (hexString == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }

        int len = hexString.length();
        if (len != 24) {
            return false;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            char c = hexString.charAt(i);
            if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
                continue;
            }
            if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
                continue;
            }
            if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
                continue;
            }

            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }


    public static int getGeneratedMachineIdentifier() {
        return MACHINE_IDENTIFIER;
    }


    public static int getGeneratedProcessIdentifier() {
        return PROCESS_IDENTIFIER;
    }


    public static int getCurrentCounter() {
        return NEXT_COUNTER.get();
    }


    public static GeneratorId createFromLegacyFormat(final int time, final int machine, final int inc) {
        return new GeneratorId(time, machine, inc);
    }

    public GeneratorId() {
        this(new Date());
    }


    public GeneratorId(final Date date) {
        this(dateToTimestampSeconds(date), MACHINE_IDENTIFIER, PROCESS_IDENTIFIER, NEXT_COUNTER.getAndIncrement(), false);
    }


    public GeneratorId(final Date date, final int counter) {
        this(date, MACHINE_IDENTIFIER, PROCESS_IDENTIFIER, counter);
    }


    public GeneratorId(final Date date, final int machineIdentifier, final short processIdentifier, final int counter) {
        this(dateToTimestampSeconds(date), machineIdentifier, processIdentifier, counter);
    }


    public GeneratorId(final int timestamp, final int machineIdentifier, final short processIdentifier, final int counter) {
        this(timestamp, machineIdentifier, processIdentifier, counter, true);
    }

    private GeneratorId(final int timestamp, final int machineIdentifier, final short processIdentifier, final int counter,
                     final boolean checkCounter) {
        if ((machineIdentifier & 0xff000000) != 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The machine identifier must be between 0 and 16777215 (it must fit in three bytes).");
        }
        if (checkCounter && ((counter & 0xff000000) != 0)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The counter must be between 0 and 16777215 (it must fit in three bytes).");
        }
        this.timestamp = timestamp;
        this.machineIdentifier = machineIdentifier;
        this.processIdentifier = processIdentifier;
        this.counter = counter & LOW_ORDER_THREE_BYTES;
    }


    public GeneratorId(final String hexString) {
        this(parseHexString(hexString));
    }


    public GeneratorId(final byte[] bytes) {
        this(ByteBuffer.wrap(notNull("bytes", bytes)));
    }


    GeneratorId(final int timestamp, final int machineAndProcessIdentifier, final int counter) {
        this(legacyToBytes(timestamp, machineAndProcessIdentifier, counter));
    }


    public GeneratorId(final ByteBuffer buffer) {
        notNull("buffer", buffer);
        isTrueArgument("buffer.remaining() >=12", buffer.remaining() >= 12);

        timestamp = makeInt(buffer.get(), buffer.get(), buffer.get(), buffer.get());
        machineIdentifier = makeInt((byte) 0, buffer.get(), buffer.get(), buffer.get());
        processIdentifier = (short) makeInt((byte) 0, (byte) 0, buffer.get(), buffer.get());
        counter = makeInt((byte) 0, buffer.get(), buffer.get(), buffer.get());
    }

    private static byte[] legacyToBytes(final int timestamp, final int machineAndProcessIdentifier, final int counter) {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[12];
        bytes[0] = int3(timestamp);
        bytes[1] = int2(timestamp);
        bytes[2] = int1(timestamp);
        bytes[3] = int0(timestamp);
        bytes[4] = int3(machineAndProcessIdentifier);
        bytes[5] = int2(machineAndProcessIdentifier);
        bytes[6] = int1(machineAndProcessIdentifier);
        bytes[7] = int0(machineAndProcessIdentifier);
        bytes[8] = int3(counter);
        bytes[9] = int2(counter);
        bytes[10] = int1(counter);
        bytes[11] = int0(counter);
        return bytes;
    }

    public byte[] toByteArray() {
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(12);
        putToByteBuffer(buffer);
        return buffer.array();  // using .allocate ensures there is a backing array that can be returned
    }

    public void putToByteBuffer(final ByteBuffer buffer) {
        notNull("buffer", buffer);
        isTrueArgument("buffer.remaining() >=12", buffer.remaining() >= 12);

        buffer.put(int3(timestamp));
        buffer.put(int2(timestamp));
        buffer.put(int1(timestamp));
        buffer.put(int0(timestamp));
        buffer.put(int2(machineIdentifier));
        buffer.put(int1(machineIdentifier));
        buffer.put(int0(machineIdentifier));
        buffer.put(short1(processIdentifier));
        buffer.put(short0(processIdentifier));
        buffer.put(int2(counter));
        buffer.put(int1(counter));
        buffer.put(int0(counter));
    }

    public int getTimestamp() {
        return timestamp;
    }

    public int getMachineIdentifier() {
        return machineIdentifier;
    }

    public short getProcessIdentifier() {
        return processIdentifier;
    }

    public int getCounter() {
        return counter;
    }

    public Date getDate() {
        return new Date(timestamp * 1000L);
    }

    public String toHexString() {
        char[] chars = new char[24];
        int i = 0;
        for (byte b : toByteArray()) {
            chars[i++] = HEX_CHARS[b >> 4 & 0xF];
            chars[i++] = HEX_CHARS[b & 0xF];
        }
        return new String(chars);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object o) {
        if (this == o) {
            return true;
        }
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
            return false;
        }

        GeneratorId GeneratorId = (GeneratorId) o;

        if (counter != GeneratorId.counter) {
            return false;
        }
        if (machineIdentifier != GeneratorId.machineIdentifier) {
            return false;
        }
        if (processIdentifier != GeneratorId.processIdentifier) {
            return false;
        }
        if (timestamp != GeneratorId.timestamp) {
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = timestamp;
        result = 31 * result + machineIdentifier;
        result = 31 * result + (int) processIdentifier;
        result = 31 * result + counter;
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(final GeneratorId other) {
        if (other == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }

        byte[] byteArray = toByteArray();
        byte[] otherByteArray = other.toByteArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
            if (byteArray[i] != otherByteArray[i]) {
                return ((byteArray[i] & 0xff) < (otherByteArray[i] & 0xff)) ? -1 : 1;
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return toHexString();
    }

    static {
        try {
            MACHINE_IDENTIFIER = createMachineIdentifier();
            PROCESS_IDENTIFIER = createProcessIdentifier();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    private static int createMachineIdentifier() {
        int machinePiece;
        try {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            Enumeration<NetworkInterface> e = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
            while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
                NetworkInterface ni = e.nextElement();
                sb.append(ni.toString());
                byte[] mac = ni.getHardwareAddress();
                if (mac != null) {
                    ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(mac);
                    try {
                        sb.append(bb.getChar());
                        sb.append(bb.getChar());
                        sb.append(bb.getChar());
                    } catch (BufferUnderflowException shortHardwareAddressException) { //NOPMD
                        // mac with less than 6 bytes. continue
                    }
                }
            }
            machinePiece = sb.toString().hashCode();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            machinePiece = (new SecureRandom().nextInt());
            log.error("Failed to get machine identifier from network interface, using random number instead", t);
        }
        machinePiece = machinePiece & LOW_ORDER_THREE_BYTES;
        return machinePiece;
    }

    private static short createProcessIdentifier() {
        short processId;
        try {
            String processName = java.lang.management.ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getName();
            if (processName.contains("@")) {
                processId = (short) Integer.parseInt(processName.substring(0, processName.indexOf('@')));
            } else {
                processId = (short) java.lang.management.ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getName().hashCode();
            }

        } catch (Throwable t) {
            processId = (short) new SecureRandom().nextInt();
            log.error("Failed to get process identifier from JMX, using random number instead", t);
        }

        return processId;
    }

    private static byte[] parseHexString(final String s) {
        if (!isValid(s)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid hexadecimal representation of an GeneratorId: [" + s + "]");
        }

        byte[] b = new byte[12];
        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
            b[i] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(s.substring(i * 2, i * 2 + 2), 16);
        }
        return b;
    }

    private static int dateToTimestampSeconds(final Date time) {
        return (int) (time.getTime() / 1000);
    }

    private static int makeInt(final byte b3, final byte b2, final byte b1, final byte b0) {
        return (((b3) << 24) |
                ((b2 & 0xff) << 16) |
                ((b1 & 0xff) << 8) |
                ((b0 & 0xff)));
    }

    private static byte int3(final int x) {
        return (byte) (x >> 24);
    }

    private static byte int2(final int x) {
        return (byte) (x >> 16);
    }

    private static byte int1(final int x) {
        return (byte) (x >> 8);
    }

    private static byte int0(final int x) {
        return (byte) (x);
    }

    private static byte short1(final short x) {
        return (byte) (x >> 8);
    }

    private static byte short0(final short x) {
        return (byte) (x);
    }

    private static <T> T notNull(final String name, final T value) {
        if (value == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(name + " can not be null");
        }
        return value;
    }

    private static void isTrueArgument(final String name, final boolean condition) {
        if (!condition) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("state should be: " + name);
        }
    }
}

调用示例：

import com.lifengdi.util.GeneratorId;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.StringJoiner;


/**
 * 生成唯一key
 * @author 李锋镝
 * @date Create at 13:45 2018/12/6
 */
@Component
@Slf4j
public class GeneratedKey {

    @Value("${spring.application.name}")
    private String applicationName;

    /**
     * 生成24位的16进制的key
     * @return key
     */
    public String generatorKey() {

        return GeneratorId.get().toString();
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        GeneratedKey generatedKey = new GeneratedKey();
        System.out.println(generatedKey.generatorKey());
    }

    /**
     * 获取当前机器ID
     * @return MachineIdentifier
     */
    public int getMachineIdentifier() {
        return GeneratorId.getGeneratedMachineIdentifier();
    }

    /**
     * 获取当前进程ID
     * @return ProcessIdentifier
     */
    public int getProcessIdentifier() {
        return GeneratorId.getGeneratedProcessIdentifier();
    }

    /**
     * 获取当前项目唯一ID
     * @return ProjectIdentifier
     */
    public String getProjectIdentifier() {
        StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner("_");
        joiner.add(applicationName);
        joiner.add(String.valueOf(getMachineIdentifier()));
        joiner.add(String.valueOf(getProcessIdentifier()));
        return joiner.toString();
    }

}

其他分布式ID生成算法：分布式ID生成算法SnowFlake（雪花算法）Java源码

除非注明，否则均为李锋镝的博客原创文章，转载必须以链接形式标明本文链接

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