ThreadPoolExecutor如何实现线程复用及超时销毁

以下，基于JDK1.8。

1. 线程复用

我们知道Thread.start执行之后，线程就不能再次执行了，那ThreadPoolExecutor是如何做到线程复用的呢?
原理很简单，在实际执行的线程外部套一个Thread，外层Thread的run方法while循环执行实际执行线程的run方法，实现线程的复用并且执行之后不销毁。下面是伪代码:

// 任务等待队列
BlockingQueue<Runnable> taskQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue();

new Thread(() -> {
    for (;;){
        Runnable runnable = taskQueue.poll();//队列里拿
        runnable.run();//同步执行
    }
}).start();// 异步while执行

下面是ThreadPoolExecutor的重点代码:

final void runWorker(Worker w) {
    Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
    Runnable task = w.firstTask;
    w.firstTask = null;
    w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
    boolean completedAbruptly = true;
    try {
        while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) { // 阻塞获取等待任务
            w.lock();
            if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                 (Thread.interrupted() &&
                  runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                !wt.isInterrupted())
                wt.interrupt();
            try {
                beforeExecute(wt, task);
                Throwable thrown = null;
                try {
                    task.run(); // 实际阻塞执行
                } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                    thrown = x; throw x;
                } catch (Error x) {
                    thrown = x; throw x;
                } catch (Throwable x) {
                    thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                } finally {
                    afterExecute(task, thrown);
                }
            } finally {
                task = null;
                w.completedTasks++;
                w.unlock();
            }
        }
        completedAbruptly = false;
    } finally {
        processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
    }
}

2. 线程销毁

我们知道，在创建线程池的时候有超时参数keepAliveTime，那么线程池是如何实现精确的超时销毁呢?

这个是结合BlockingQueue的阻塞超时来实现的，下面是源码:

 /**
 * ...
 * @return task, or null if the worker must exit, in which case workerCount is decremented
 * 翻译: 返回task，如果worker必须退出，则返回null，在这种情况下workerCount递减
 */
private Runnable getTask() {
    boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?

    for (;;) {
        int c = ctl.get();
        int rs = runStateOf(c);

        // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
        if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
            decrementWorkerCount();
            return null;
        }

        int wc = workerCountOf(c);

        // Are workers subject to culling?
        boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;

        if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
            && (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
            if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
                return null;
            continue;
        }

        try {
            Runnable r = timed ?
                workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) : // 重点在这，如果超时没有获取到任务，则返回null，销毁线程。
                workQueue.take();
            if (r != null)
                return r;
            timedOut = true;
        } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
            timedOut = false;
        }
    }
}

3. 为什么用BlockingQueue

1. 获取等待任务的时候，直接用阻塞代替通知轮询，提高性能，减少代码复杂度。
2. 复用阻塞超时获取等待任务实现线程超时销毁，设计精巧。
3. 本身就是支持并发操作的，不用额外维护线程安全。